Mass disaster response

Mass disaster response is increasing at a very high rate in the world. Many individuals and communities chance on victims of the disaster. Mass disaster has been influenced partly by nature, and partly by mans actions either deliberately like in the case of terrorists, war, and civil unrest, or finished massess neglects or mishap such as accidents at work or in house provokes. The mass disaster commonly movements trauma, and traumatic losses. Survivors lose their routine way of working, living and relation with others among other daily activities.Some of the mass disaster for example terrorism persist for long period, create insecurity and exposing individuals to danger or threat of danger, limiting the functioning of individuals in their lives. The man made disasters have been increasing greatly with the increase in religions, faiths, and beliefs. The differences in these beliefs, faiths and religion have led to ostracizing and out casting of virtually individuals from the s ociety. This has resulted to use of violence as a way of imposing justice (Ashmead-Bartlett 1999). The violence has been utilise to attack other people in revenge and as a way of imposing justice. In numerous cases of such attacks, innocent people be attacked for political precedents or against peer groups as a result of antisocial behaviors.The law enforcement should be implemented to respond against the mass disaster in determine to identify victims, recover the survivors and the frame of the dead. The survivors of mass disaster need to be rescued from the disaster, and need to be provided with necessary care and support, to enhance their recovery in terms of health, finance, security and the general continuity of the practices and activities that are carried out to enhance good living. It is the responsibility of the law enforcement group to investigate, and identify the individuals behind the disasters, investigate the reason of the attack, and place appropriate punishment to offenders.Research was carried out in regard to the Port Arthur attack, the September 11th attack and the Virginia Technical get attack to investigate the cause of attack, what happened during and after the attack, and to determine the measures which the law enforcement group took to help the survivors and to identify and deal with the terrorists.Port ArthurThe Port Arthur massacre in Tasmania took place in 1996 and it involved Martin Bryant who was a loner, barb and a lair. This massacre is one of the worst massacres of mass disaster conducted by a single gunman. The offender had inherited a close friends estate, making him to have large amounts of money which he consumed through making several and frequent tours, around the world, and in purchasing of several automatic weapons, which vary in power from high to semi powered.EventsOn the day of crime, Bryant started by killing deuce people, early during the day, and later while at the Board arrow coffee shop he made some sho oting. Bryant had taken his lunch outside the caf. When he entered in the cafe, he secured a position in the North-Western corner of the cafe from where he utilise Colt AR-15 to shoot the people who were seated in the cafe taking lunch. The shooting captured around twenty people, and after this event Bryant left the caf and went out of the cafe, to his car.While at the car at the car park, he changed the weapon, and employ a FN-FAL to injure some more four people. At the same characterisation, he murdered a mother and her devil young children who seemed to approach his car, and he then left the scene.As Bryant was driving away from the scene, he stopped at a toll booth, where he met four people in a BMW, shot them dead, and then transferred some of his weapons to the BMW. He left behind his car with an unfired shot gun and drove to a gas station, where he killed a female passenger and forced a man to enter in the boot at gun point.Bryant drove to seascape hotel and on his way, he fired passing cars severally. On arrival at the Seascape hotel he handcuffed a male hostage inside the guest house, and he burnt the stolen BMW. The special trading operations group and the police were informed and arrived at the scene to capture him. (Greener 1996). The siege between Bryant, and the police together with the special operations group surrounded the hotel.The police and the SOP time-tested very much to get Bryant or rather to make him surrender, to no success. Many negotiations intervened the situation and tried to convince Bryant through telephones in vain. Bryant remained inside the hotel, where he kept firing randomly in various directions. It was discovered that within the course of the siege, Bryant made many firing approximately dickens hundred and fifty, and in each case he used a different firearm.He set the hotel to fire, burning the arms and he came out of the hotel with burn wounds so when the police arrested him, they had to send him to the hospital first, to ensure treatment of the burn wounds. After treatment, he was taken to Risdon Prison and he was detained to front trial. He made many suicide attempts during this period.The Tasmania police force arrived at the scene of crime, where by some dealt with police forensic serve ups, other crime scene examiners were at the scene which were different from the five scene examiners. The ballistics had an expert and two trainees. All this law enforcement team as well as the eyeball witnessed aimed at getting helpful information partakeing the crime, receiving the services of the disaster in all the six separate crime scene for the dead bodies, they needed identification, through forensic services more crime scene examiners were received from New South Wales to help in investigation. All scenes as well as the remains at the scene were photographed.ResponseMany individuals teamed up and in responded to the crimes. The teams consisted fire arm examiners, crime scene examiners, photo graphers and fire scene examiners. The teams were assigned the scene areas. Every detail was save and the bodies were not maintained until later in the evening. Each crime scene was considered and examined separately, but in many of the scenes there was contamination caused by public observers, and some of evidence materials were lost on the process. The media had access to various crime scenes but were restricted from the scenes where bodies had not been recovered or removed.Bryant pled guilty and was sentenced to life without parole. After foster investigation on the cause of the offence, it was discovered that Bryant had intellectual difficulties but this did not stop judge from considering him accountable for his actions. The judge described him as a woful social misfit semi automatic and automatic weapons were banned in Tasmania and federal laws were proposed to limit the handling and use of guns.September 11thOn this date al-Qaeda organized and co-ordinate a series of suici de attacks upon United States. In the morning of the 11th of September, xix terrorists consisting of al-Qaeda, hijacked a number of commercial passenger jet airlines, and later they intentionally crashed two airlines in the world trade digest complex. Each of the team of the hijackers had a trained pilot as a member who controlled the airline.Each of the tugs of world trade centre complex was struck by a plane. The crash made the buildings to scatter, and this caused damages to the nearby buildings. The collapse of the building caused death of many people among which were nationals from various countries, and the civilians and the nineteen hijackers. A number of people went missing and were presumed dead. The dust which was emitted by the collapsing building caused death of a number of people, and also caused lung disease.Rescue recoveryThe New York fire discussion section provided two hundred units, which consisted half of the department to the scene of crime. The emergency me dical technicians and large numbers of fire fighters department. The police department provided police personnel and emergency service unites. The fire department, commanders, police department and port empowerment police searched for the citizens and with little effort to coordinate the agencies.The conditions continued to deteriorate as the building continued to collapse and burn. The helicopters of various departments were used to communicate to people the substance and orders to evacuate. This helped many of the officials to leave the building before it collapsed fully and those who evacuated were safe.The fire department officials and the police department officials used radio to communicate, and as the building continued to collapse and burn, the communication became incompatible such that the commander could not get information. After the collapse of the first tower of the radio repeater system in the world trade centre could no longer function, and this hindered the commun ication of the evacuation orders between the fire department officers and the fire fighters who were inside the towers (Barrett and Collins 2006).The emergency telephone number which was being used to convey message of evacuation was interfered with by the commotion, and although the dispatchers received information from people who called 9-1-1, the message could not be passed along effectively.A search and rescue operation was launched immediately after the attack, but the efforts to rescue, recover and identify the victims of the attack took long period to be completed (Fox News Network 2002).ResponseThe New York fire officers, emergency medical technicians and police department teamed up to rescue the people who were in the towers. The fire department provided fire fighters to fight the fire, the emergency medical technicians helped the victims of the attack in giving first aid and returning the severely injured individuals to hospital to get boost treatment, and the police offi cers and the forensic researchers continually helped the victims to get out of the scene.The crime scene examiners and forensic examiners worked hard in determining the security exercise of 2002 was signed. The patriot Act was also made to ensure detection and prosecution of terrorists and other criminals. The national security agency operation was implemented to help to eavedrop on telephone and telecommunicate communication various people across the seas without a warrant.The Muslim and Arab immigrants were registered and finger prints in accordance to 1940 alien registration act. The military force was later used to prevent and deter the international terrorism against United States.The Virginia Technical InstituteA gun man first killed a man and woman in Virginia Technical Institutes West Ambler Johnston co-ed residential entrance hall which houses 895 people. About two hours later, the more than two dozens people were attacked and half a mi away from the first shooting. The gunman found dead on the second crime scene, and since he had no identifying material the authority took time to identify him. The dormitory shooting was considered as an isolated case and the campus did not close, instead the dormitory was closed as it was thought that the gunman had fled from the campus.Rescue and RecoveryOutside McBryde Hall, there were two policemen who ordered people to run when people heard gunshots, they started running to the library where they remained for about two hours. The officials from US Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, explosive and firearms engaged in collecting shell casing. The authority put efforts in tracing the hi accounting of the weapon used in the rampage. The crime scene examiners arrived at the scene. (Rostron and Siebel, 2007). The policemen, crime scene eye witnesses engaged in getting helpful information relating to crime and criminal.ResponseThe police officers institution authority students and the forensic officials teamed and collected all necessary information regarding the crime in the two scenes. The ballistic experts tried to trace the weapon used in the shooting, while the forensic officers together with the police collected evidence materials from the two scenes of crime which were to be used in further investigations.The media was allowed inside the institution but was restricted from the scene where the bodies were lying. President Bush responded by praying for the involved and he showed deep concern for the victims, their families, students and all the people who were affected by the shocking incident (Christian Science Monitor 2008).ReferenceAshmead-Bartlett, Ellis. The Siege of Port Arthur. New York Blackwood & Sons, 1999.Barrett, and Collins, D. Grand Illusion The Rudy Giuliani and 9/11 untold story. New York Harper Collins, 2006.Christian Science Monitor. Virginia technical shooting. 17 April. 2007. Christian Science Monitor.23 April. 2008 http//www.csmonitor.com/2007/0417/p25s01-usgn.htmlFOX News Ne twork. Timeline of WTC recovery. 29 May. 2002. FOX News Network.23 April. 2008 http//www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,53997,00.htmlGreener, William. Port Arthurs Secrets. Boston, Archibald Constable, 1996.Rostron, and Siebel, B. No gun left behind Gun lobbys campaign to push guns into schools and colleges. Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence. 2007.